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From Wikinews, the free news source you can write. The Arts Tower, University of Sheffield. Image: Chemical Engineer. Sister projects
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Sunday, February 22, 2009
A U.S. Court of Appeals on Friday has declared unconstitutional California Assembly Bills 1792 & 1793, the California “ultraviolent video games law” that sought to ban the sale or rental of violent video games to minors.
Federal judge Consuelo M. Callahan has ruled that the 2005 statewide ban, which has yet to be enforced, violates minors’ rights under the US Constitution’s First and 14th amendment because even the most graphic on-screen mayhem, video game content represents free speech that cannot be censored without proper justification.
The Court has ruled that there’s no convincing evidence it causes psychological damage to young people. The 3-0 judgment has affirmed an earlier ruling by a U.S. District Court, which barred enforcement of the law on the basis that it was “unduly restrictive” and “used overly broad definitions,” and that the state failed to show that the limitations on violent video games would actually protect children.
In 2005, Leland Yee (???), a California State Senator (in District 8 which includes the western half of San Francisco and most of San Mateo County), Speaker pro Tempore of the Assembly (D-San Francisco/Daly City), introduced California Assembly Bills 1792 & 1793 which barred “ultra-violent” video games from minors under the age of eighteen in California and mandated the application of ESRB ratings for video games.
“California Assembly Bills 1792 & 1793” were commonly called the “ultraviolent video games bills” or simply “video game ban” bills. Bill 1792 banned the sales of such video games while Bill 1793 required signs explaining the regulations on said games to be placed where such were sold. Both bills were passed by the Assembly and signed by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger into law (AB 1179) on October 7, 2005.
Explicitly, these two bills provided that:
Yee, a former child psychologist has publicly criticized such games as Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas and Manhunt 2, and opposes the U.S. Army’s Global Gaming League.
On October 17, 2005, before the effectivity of the challenged Act, plaintiffs Video Software Dealers Association, the not-for-profit international trade association dedicated to advancing the interests of the $32 billion home entertainment industry and Entertainment Software Association, a 1994 US trade association of the video game industry have filed lawsuit (D.C. No. CV-05-04188-RMW) against the defendants Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, CA Attorney General, Edmund G. Brown, Santa Clara County District Attorney George Kennedy, City Attorney for the City of San Jose, Richard Doyle, and County Counsel for the County of Santa Clara, Ann Miller Ravel.
Plaintiffs’ counsel, Jenner & Block‘s Paul M. Smith has filed a declaratory relief to invalidate the newly-enacted California Civil Code sections 1746-1746.5 (the “Act”), on the grounds that it allegedly violated 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and the First and Fourteenth Amendments.
Plaintiffs have submitted that “the Act unconstitutionally curtailed freedom of expression on its face based on content regulation and the labeling requirement, was unconstitutionally vague, and violated equal protection. California’s restrictions could open the door for states to limit minors’ access to other material under the guise of protecting children.”
By December 2005, both bills had been struck down as unconstitutional, by Ronald M. Whyte, District Judge, Presiding in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California in San Jose, thereby preventing either from going into effect on January 1, 2006.
Judge Whyte has granted plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction in “Video Software Dealers Ass’n v. Schwarzenegger,” 401 F. Supp. 2d 1034 (N.D. Cal. 2005), and cross-motions for summary judgment, in “Video Software Dealers Ass’n v. Schwarzenegger,” No. C-05-04188, slip op. (N.D. Cal. Aug. 6, 2007).
Similar bills were subsequently filed in such states as Illinois, Oklahoma, Minnesota, Michigan and Louisiana have been ruled to be unconstitutional by federal courts on First Amendment grounds, according to Sean Bersell, a spokesman for the Entertainment Merchants Association.
The defendants, in the instant Case No. 07-16620, have timely appealed the judgment. On October 29, 2008, the appealed case was argued and submitted to the Sacramento, California‘s U.S. Court of Appeals, hence, the promulgation of the instant 30 pages decision (No. 07-16620; D.C. No. CV-05-04188-RMW) by Alex Kozinski, Chief Judge, Sidney R. Thomas and Consuelo M. Callahan (who wrote the court’s opinion), United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit Judges.
In the ban’s defense, Deputy Attorney General for the State of California, Zackery Morazzini has contended that “if governments restrict the sale of pornography to minors, it should also create a separate category for ultra-violent video games.” Edmund Gerald “Jerry” Brown, Jr., California Attorney General, has also argued that “the Court should analyze the Act’s restrictions under what has been called the ‘variable obscenity’ or ‘obscenity as to minors’ standard first mentioned in Ginsberg, 390 U.S. 629. The Court’s reasoning in Ginsberg that a state could prohibit the sale of sexually-explicit material to minors that it could not ban from distribution to adults should be extended to materials containing violence.”
The “Fallo” or dispositive portion of the judgment in question goes as follows:
|
We hold that the Act, as a presumptively invalid contentbased restriction on speech, is subject to strict scrutiny and not the “variable obscenity” standard from Ginsberg v. New York, 390 U.S. 629 (1968). Applying strict scrutiny, we hold that the Act violates rights protected by the First Amendment because the State has not demonstrated a compelling interest, has not tailored the restriction to its alleged compelling interest, and there exist less-restrictive means that would further the State’s expressed interests. Additionally, we hold that the Act’s labeling requirement is unconstitutionally compelled speech under the First Amendment because it does not require the disclosure of purely factual information; but compels the carrying of the State’s controversial opinion. Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment to Plaintiffs and its denial of the State’s cross-motion. Because we affirm the district court on these grounds, we do not reach two of Plaintiffs’ challenges to the Act: first, that the language of the Act is unconstitutionally vague, and, second, that the Act violates Plaintiffs’ rights under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.—”Video Software Dealers Association; Entertainment Software Association v. Arnold Schwarzenegger and George Kennedy” – No. 07-16620; D.C. No. CV-05-04188-RMW – Alex Kozinski, Chief Judge, Sidney R. Thomas and
Consuelo M. Callahan, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit Circuit Judges. |
“We need to help empower parents with the ultimate decision over whether or not their children play in a world of violence and murder,” said the law’s author, Sen. Leland Yee, announcing he wanted Edmund Gerald “Jerry” Brown, Jr., the current Attorney General and a former governor of the State of California, to appeal the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court.
“Letting the industry police itself is like letting kids sign their own report cards and that a self regulating system simply doesn’t work. I’ve always contended that the … law the governor signed was a good one for protecting children from the harm from playing these ultra-violent video games. I’ve always felt it would end up in the Supreme Court,” Sen. Yee explained. “In fact, the high court recently agreed, in Roper v. Simmons (2005), that we need to treat children differently in the eyes of the law due to brain development,” he added.
According to Michael D. Gallagher, president of the Entertainment Software Association, plaintiff, the Court’s ruling has stressed that parents, with assistance from the industry, are the ones who should control what games their children play. “This is a clear signal that in California and across the country, the reckless pursuit of anti-video game legislation like this is an exercise in wasting taxpayer money, government time and state resources,” Gallagher said in a statement.
| California’s violent video game law properly seeks to protect children from the harmful effects of excessively violent, interactive video games. While I am deeply disappointed in today’s ruling, we should not stop our efforts to assist parents in keeping these harmful video games out of the hands of children. | ||
Entertainment Software Association members include Disney Interactive Studios, Electronic Arts, Microsoft Corp, THQ Inc, Sony Computer Entertainment America, and Take-Two Interactive Software, the maker of “Grand Theft Auto” games.
Judge Callahan has also reprimanded state lawyers for having failed to show any reasonable alternatives to an outright statewide ban against the ultra-violent video games. “Ratings education, retailer ratings enforcement, and control of game play by parents are the appropriate responses to concerns about video game content,” said Bo Andersen, president and chief executive of the Entertainment Merchants Association.
Andersen continues, “retailers are committed to assisting parents in assuring that children do not purchase games that are not appropriate for their age. Independent surveys show that retailers are doing a very good job in this area, with an 80 percent enforcement rate, and retailers will continue to work to increase enforcement rates even further; the court has correctly noted that the state cannot simply dismiss these efforts.”
California was already forced to pay $282,794 to the ESA for attorneys’ fees, money that would’ve helped with the state’s current budget difficulties. Andersen has urged California government officials not to appeal the case. “The estimated $283,000 in taxpayer money spent by the state on this case is so far an ‘ill-advised, and ultimately doomed, attempt at state-sponsored nannyism.’ A voluntary ratings system already exists to avoid the state-sponsored nannyism of a ban,” he explained.
“The governor believes strongly we have a responsibility to our children and our communities to protect against the effects of video games depicting ultra-violent actions,” said Governor Schwarzenegger spokeswoman Camille Anderson adding the governor was reviewing Friday’s decision.
Deputy Attorney General Zackery Morazzini, the state’s counsel in the appealed case, has stressed that “a law restricting sales of violent games is far more effective than industry self-policing, since the technological controls that the court cited as another alternative can be easily bypassed by any kid with an Internet connection.”
According to Jim Steyer, Founder of Common Sense Media, a non-profit organization of 750,000 regular users dedicated to improving children’s media lives, researches have shown that playing these violent video games are detrimental for kids mental and physical health. “The health threat involved with kids playing such games is equivalent to smoking cigarettes,” Steyer said. “These violent video games are learning tools for our children and clearly result in more aggressive behavior,” said Randall Hagar, California Psychiatric Association’s Director of Government Affairs.
The Federal Trade Commission‘s data reveals that “nearly 70 percent of thirteen to sixteen year olds are able to purchase M-rated (Mature) video games, which are designed for adults; ninety-two percent of children play video or computer games, of which about forty percent are rated M, which are the fastest growing segment of the 10 billion-dollar video game industry; the top selling games reward players for killing police officers, maiming elderly persons, running over pedestrians and committing despicable acts of murder and torture upon women and racial minorities.”
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Keeping warm in the winter can be a challenge, especially when you’re faced with high heating bills. Most people use space heaters and other direct contact heating to keep them warm while running their furnaces on low in the background. Whether you’re using propane tanks in Manchester CT, or power from your local energy company, there are ways to save on heating costs. Here are a few of them to get you started.
Whole Home Insulation
If you haven’t already done so, make sure that your home is fully insulated for the winter. It’s not enough to just insulate the attic and not the rest of the home, especially if you have an older structure. Your walls need to be insulated to keep the cold air from coming into the cracks and crevices of the outer walls of your home. You can have a company do this for you, or you can do it yourself. It’s one of the best ways to keep the heat in and save on heating costs in the winter.
Window Coverings
Your window coverings should have a thermal backing. Thermal coverings can help keep the cold out. You can also cover your windows with plastic to ensure that no cold air seeps in from that area. This is a simple task that can be done within a few hours, depending on the size of your home. When you’re out buying propane tanks in Manchester CT, stop and pick up a roll of plastic. It’s inexpensive and could make a big difference in the amount of cold air that enters your home from the windows.
Layered Clothing
When you’re at home in the winter, layer up your clothing to keep from having to turn up the thermostat. Add a layer of long johns to your normal clothing, and this could make a big difference in how you feel. Heavy sweaters that are easy to remove are also ideal in winter. Wool socks and other warm materials can be beneficial when the winter months arrive and you’re not able to pay for the increase in power needed to keep warm. You will need to keep your pipes from freezing, so turning your furnace off entirely to use a space heater or any other source of alternative heating is not recommended.
Start your search for propane tanks in Manchester CT now, and start seeing a difference in your energy costs.
Monday, March 28, 2011
Sunday morning showed Trafalgar Square, London damaged during the night by demonstrators.
Bottles, cans, and placards littered the concrete ground of one of the most iconic landmarks in London. Demonstrators livid at government cuts had sprayed graffiti on the four bronze lions. “No-one rules if no-one obeys,” one message, next to the symbol of anarchy, read. On the steps leading up to the National Gallery lay placards, dropped by demonstrators the night before. Hours earlier the square was an arena for running battles between the anarchist protesters and riot police.
First, they targetted Oxford Street, arguably the most famous shopping row in the city. The protesters, many dressed in black, hurled smoke bombs and paint at Topshop, which they claimed has systematically abused the tax system. In Piccadilly, they ransacked The Ritz, a hotel popularly known for upmarket opulence. As darkness fell over the capital, many went home. But in Trafalgar Square, protesters lit campfires and danced to music, smoking and eating into the night.
But then the police moved in. Clad in riot gear, the situation began to escalate and both they and the demonstrators began to panic. They raised their batons and shouted at the crowd, while the protesters grabbed metal barriers and hurled them over police lines, using them as battering rams. Some protesters yelled in defence, “Don’t hit us!”, while the more determined shouted, “Shame on you! Your job’s next!” The riot officers pushed protesters into the centre of the square, towards Nelson’s Column. The police started forward at least twice swinging their batons in the air, as protesters retaliated by throwing glass bottles and coins towards the police lines. One officer was taken away with blood pouring from under his visor.
“I have never seen such a fast escalation of violence in my life,” one witness to the violence in the square said. “Everything just kicked off, glass everywhere, police hitting people, people being dragged across the floor. I just can’t believe it.” Other protesters on the front line later described the police retaliation as they began to kettle people in. “I find myself in front of the riot line,” one protester wrote, “taking a blow to the head and a kick to the shin; I am dragged to my feet by a girl with blue hair who squeezes my arm and then raises a union flag defiantly at the cops.”
| Everything just kicked off, glass everywhere, police hitting people, people being dragged across the floor. I just can’t believe it. | ||
Fireworks exploded overhead and, towards midnight, the number of protesters had diminished. As the kettling began, many of them slipped away into the night. In the early hours of the morning, the levels of violence began to fade. “Vandalism has been committed and officers have come under sustained attack,” the Metropolitan Police said. “We are holding everyone here until the situation calms down and we determine who is responsible.”
As the street cleaners worked through the morning in London, more than 200 protesters, detained throughout the day, remained in custody. Although the organisers of the march were swift to disassociate themselves with the violence, the protesters were defiant. “I’m not moving, I’m not moving,” one young protester, hemmed in by the riot police, said. “I’ve been on every protest, I won’t let this government destroy our future without a fight. I won’t stand back, I’m not moving.”
Tuesday, February 7, 2006
New South Wales Premier Morris Iemma has proposed strengthening the states anti-cannabis laws. The government is undertaking a complete rewrite of such laws in response to concerns voiced by some health professionals about the link between the drug and mental health issues. The proposed legislation will also increase jail sentences for those convicted of growing cannabis hydroponically.
“There is growing evidence of a link between long-term cannabis use and the incidence of severe mental health problems,” said Mr Iemma.
Under the plan the current cannabis cautioning system, introduced in 2000, is to be reviewed. Cannabis users would be required to attend counseling to “understand the link between cannabis use and mental illness” to avoid being charged for their first offence. At present those issued with their second cautioning notice are required to call a counseling service.
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KRAFTMAID CABINETS A CUT ABOVE THE REST
by
Abdul Samad Karar
Storage space is one of the most important aspects that are considered when moving into an office or home. This therefore means that priority is given to installing high quality yet elegant cabinets or cupboards in whatever kind of building we may want to occupy.
KraftMaid
is one of the leading companies that have been in business for decades, providing high quality cabinets for offices and homes. These cabinets can be installed in various rooms and come in a variety of colors and styles as per your preference. The unique aspect of KraftMaid cabinets is that the company that manufactures them has an environment-conscious perspective business, in that they build their cabinets using nature-friendly manufacturing practices that aim to reduce the waste caused by remodeling and design. The cabinets are made from different types of wood like as hickory, birch, oak, maple or cherry and thermo foil is applied to the surfaces. In addition, they offer finishing touches that vary as well as stains which eventually give it a better overall appearance and feel.
The stains come in different colors such as green, black, brown or white. Furthermore, the KraftMaid cabinets can be easily upgraded in a variety of ways which include glass inserts, crown moldings at the top, decorative feet, lighting as well as pulls and handles. The upgrades can be added for both practical and decorative purposes. KraftMaid
cabinets are easy to install because you need a few tools like an electric drill, a level, masking tape, a measuring tape and some wooden shims that are easy to obtain from a local hardware shop. When you have these tools, then all you need to follow a few simple rules that include; setting the cabinet up on the portion of the floor where you want it to sit, then using the masking tape to mark out the layout of the cabinet while writing labels on the masking tape to identify measurements and other details. It is advisable that you disengage the doors as well as the drawers of the cabinet to make it easier to work on itsinterior sections and you can easily clamp them all together this way. In addition, use the level to determine if the floor is slanted in any way so that you can perform the installation process accordingly.
The wooden shims are then used to help level the cabinets, which are marked with chalk or tapes on the wall studs as a guide to where to drill later. Drill a hole through the mounting rail in the cabinet all the way through the cabinet towards the wooden studs, and then use the screws to set the cabinet in place. Finally, put the drawers and doors you removed earlier back in place. The process of cleaning KraftMaid cabinets is also hassle free as all you need is dish soap, oil soap, water and cleaning rags or towels. Wipe the cabinet surfaces with a damp cloth sprinkled with dish soap and let the cabinets dry, then wipe then again with a damp cloth this time with oil sap applied on it. Also, thorough cleaning can be done by performing the same process on the inside drawers and inside the cabinets at least once in every 6 months. Overall, it is important that you apply the solvents to the cleaning cloth instead of directly to the cabinet itself and do not leave the solvent-dampened cloth on the cabinet for too long either, as this can cause staining and other damage on it. KraftMaid cabinets are both practical as well as visually appealing in any home or office.
Abdul Samad Karar
if you are looking for complete guide about Complete KraftMaid
so visit my site for brief information about
KraftMaid
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Article Source:
ArticleRich.com
Friday, July 17, 2009Following similar threats by workers at New Fabris and Nortel, workers at JLG in Tonneins, France, threatened to blow up several platform cranes. The JLG factory announced in April 2009 that it will fire 53 of its 163 workers by the end of 2009, while the remaining 110 jobs will not be secure over the next 2 years.
JLG Tonneins was acquired in 2006 with its parent JLG Industries, a maker of aerial work platforms, by the U.S.-based Oshkosh Corporation. Despite being hugely profitable in the past, production has been much reduced since 2008 with the contraction of the construction industry and lower demand for its products. Despite excellent past results the new American management demanded sweeping cuts at the company.
In the view of locals, “the company’s actions are a disgrace given the expensive perks, such as official cars, for its corporate fat cats, compared to the sacrifice, silence, and dignity demanded by the company of those it has made redundant.”
The management offered severance pay of € 3,000 (US $4,200), however the workers demanded a severance package commensurate with “the wealth that their labor has generated.” Worker’s delegates requested a “supra-legal” payment of € 30,000, on Thursday 16 of July the management responded with a counter offer of € 16,000. On Thursday night the worker’s actions secured the € 30,000 settlement initially demanded.
Tuesday, February 26, 2008
Frank Walker, the chief minister of Jersey, a United Kingdom Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France, denies that there was a cover up after a child’s remains were found.
The allegations of a cover-up stem from statements by Stuart Syvret. Syvret, the former Minister for Health and Social Services for Jersey, said that “It’s a continuum that we see. It’s a culture of cover-up and concealment and tragically the recent evidence is just the latest manifestation of that.”
It has come to light that Edward Paisnel, a notorious pedophile, used to visit the Haut de la Garenne children’s home dressed as Father Christmas. Paisnel in 1971, was given a sentence of 30 years for 13 counts of assault, rape and sodomy.
Syvret says he was dismissed from his ministerial position after highlighting the “torture” of 11 to 16-year-olds in the island’s care homes. He claimed he was “sacked for whistleblowing”.
Police are currently investigating twenty-seven cases of child abuse on the island and recently discovered the body of one child at a care home Haut de la Garenne in St. Martin, and with a potential six sites in the area where more bodies may be located. The home was closed in 1986 and since 2003 it has served as a youth hostel.
Jersey’s deputy police chief, Lenny Harper said “Part of the inquiry will be the fact that a lot of the victims tried to report their assaults but for some reason or another they were not dealt with as they should be.”
Harper added that “no evidence of a cover-up of any Jersey government” has been found. “We are looking at allegations that a number of agencies didn’t deal with things as perhaps they should.”
Syvret has encouraged the government of the United Kingdom to assign independent judges to oversee any cases that result from the investigations.
Builders originally uncovered a body at the care home in 2003 but it was only since an operation investigate child abuse started in 2006 that progress has been made. An ex-minister of the States of Jersey, the parliament of the island, has criticised the handling of the case, stating that abuse cases were mishandled.
Walker told senators that all necessary resources would be use to find the abusers. “None of us imagined that children in Jersey could be abused and mistreated in the way that is being suggested,” the BBC have quoted him as saying. “I express my shock and horror that these things have apparently happened within our island.”
Specialist police from the United Kingdom have been investigating after an enquiry turned up 140 sources verifying the claims of abuse.
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By Robert Tate
Box trailers have long been the use for transporting goods to and from places and that is sure to not end soon. Box trailers are becoming some of the biggest and most used ways to get things to where they need to go and does not seem that is going to be changing any time soon. Some of the box trailers are now being used for housing purposes for some people.
The use of box trailers for housing is due to the fact that many people are using the trailers to go pull behind their vehicles to carry along personal things when they are on the road, which seems to be something that many people are doing now a days with work and for pleasure uses. Box trailers are an awesome way to make sure that you have everything that you need along with you.
You can purchase box trailers just about anywhere. One of the biggest places to look for the right kind of box trailer for yourself is online. When looking for the box trailers online, there are a couple of things that you need to take into consideration. You need to make sure that choose your box trailer depending on the carriage capacity as well as the size of the towing vehicle such as the truck or van. These are some of the most important factors as performance of both things has to be taken into consideration.
Trailers can be made from many different things such as wood, fabricated sheets of iron, aluminum, and synthetic fibers. The choice of the box trailers, size and material it is made of as well as the person who is driving the trailer.
As mentioned earlier, there are many ways that one can purchase a box trailer. Online dealers are sure to have some of the widest selections of trailers to choose from. They can help you make the best decision before you select the model that you want. You can view many different selections from the comfort of your own home and it also make the shopping more of an authoritative experience.
When it comes to shopping online, the best places that you can purchase a box trailer is to use a website that has the largest choice of trailers. You should also use a website that offers a great return of exchange policy. Make sure to look for the best deal by comparing many of the websites that can be found.
The best places to buy box trailers online, is going to really be determined by the person who is wanting to purchase the trailer. There are so many different stipulations and things that one should go by when it comes to making such a big purchase as a box trailer. Using a company that makes the shopping experience the easiest and has the biggest selections is going to help you out in the long run. Box trailers can be used for just about anything that you need. Make sure to choose the best one for your needs as well as the right size for what you are using it for.
About the Author: Robert Tate Region Sales Manager of Mascus UK. Mascus is an electronic marketplace for
used trailers
, used tractors and trucks. Mascus makes trading in
box trailers for sale
quicker and more efficient by collecting all information about supply and demand in one place.
Source:
isnare.com
Permanent Link:
isnare.com/?aid=572310&ca=Automotive
NAICU has created a list of colleges and universities accepting and/or offering assistance to displace faculty members. [1]Wednesday, September 7, 2005
This list is taken from Colleges offering admission to displaced New Orleans students, and is intended to make searching easier for faculty, graduate, and professional students.
In addition to the list below, the Association of American Law Schools has compiled a list of law schools offering assistance to displaced students. [2] As conditions vary by college, interested parties should contact the Office of Admissions at the school in question for specific requirements and up-to-date details.
The Association of American Medical Colleges is coordinating alternatives for medical students and residents displaced by Hurricane Katrina. [3]
ResCross.net is acting as a central interactive hub for establishing research support in times of emergency. With so many scientists affected by Hurricane Katrina, ResCross is currently focused on providing information to identify sources of emergency support as quickly as possible. [4]
Physics undergraduates, grad students, faculty and high school teachers can be matched up with housing and jobs at universities, schools and industry. [5] From the American Association of Physics Teachers, the Society of Physics Students, the American Institute of Physics and the American Physical Society.
The following is a partial list, sorted by location.
Alabama |Alaska |Arizona |Arkansas |California |Colorado |Connecticut |Delaware |District of Columbia |Florida |Georgia |Hawaii |Idaho |Illinois |Indiana |Iowa |Kansas |Kentucky |Louisiana |Maine |Maryland |Massachusetts |Michigan |Minnesota |Mississippi |Missouri |Montana |Nebraska |Nevada |New Hampshire |New Jersey |New Mexico |New York |North Carolina |North Dakota |Ohio |Oklahoma |Oregon |Pennsylvania |Rhode Island |South Carolina |South Dakota |Tennessee |Texas |Utah |Vermont |Virginia |Washington |West Virginia |Wisconsin |Wyoming |Canada